Upgrading MySQL/MariaDB with Governor (cPanel's database management system) over multiple versions can be a complex process that requires careful planning and execution. Here's a step-by-step guide to help you through the process:

Note: Before you start, make sure to take a backup of your databases and configurations to avoid any data loss in case something goes wrong.

1. Review System Requirements:

   • Make sure your server meets the requirements for the target MySQL/MariaDB versions.

2. Check Compatibility:

   • Verify that your applications and scripts are compatible with the target MySQL/MariaDB versions.

3. Check Release Notes:

   • Review the release notes for each version you plan to upgrade through. Look for any special considerations or steps required for each version.

4. Upgrade Path:

   • Identify the upgrade path. For example, if you're upgrading from MySQL 5.6 to MySQL 8.0, you'll need to go through intermediary versions like 5.7 first.

5. Backup Databases:

   • Take a complete backup of all your databases using tools like mysqldump or cPanel's backup features.

6. Backup Configuration Files:

   • Make copies of important configuration files like my.cnf for MySQL or my.cnf.d/server.cnf for MariaDB.

7. Upgrade MySQL/MariaDB:

   • Begin the upgrade process from the oldest version to the newest. For example, if you're upgrading from MySQL 5.6 to MySQL 8.0, follow these steps: a. Upgrade from MySQL 5.6 to MySQL 5.7. b. Upgrade from MySQL 5.7 to MySQL 8.0.

   • For MariaDB, follow a similar process based on your current version and the target version.

8. Update System Packages:

   • Ensure that your system's package manager is up to date.

9. Update cPanel/WHM:

   • If you're using cPanel/WHM, make sure it's updated to the latest version that supports the target MySQL/MariaDB version.

10. Verify Services:

    • After each upgrade, verify that MySQL/MariaDB services start correctly and that your applications and websites are working as expected.

11. Check for Incompatibilities:

    • Test your applications and scripts to make sure they work properly with the new MySQL/MariaDB version. Some functions and queries may behave differently.

12. Reconfigure:

    • Review and, if necessary, adjust your configuration files (e.g., my.cnf) to accommodate any changes introduced in the new MySQL/MariaDB versions.

13. Monitor Performance:

    • Keep an eye on server performance and monitor for any unusual behavior or resource consumption.

14. Security Considerations:

    • Review and update your security configurations to account for any changes or new features introduced in the upgraded versions.

15. Documentation and Cleanup:

    • Document the upgrade process and any configuration changes made. Clean up any temporary files or backups used during the upgrade process.

16. Final Testing:

    • Perform thorough testing to ensure that all applications and services are functioning as expected with the upgraded MySQL/MariaDB version.

Remember that this process can be complex, and it's crucial to proceed with caution. If you're unsure about any step, it's recommended to seek assistance from a qualified server administrator or cPanel support.